diff --git a/server b/server
index 9ad620a7..227c4103 160000
--- a/server
+++ b/server
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 9ad620a72fe31291df4f0d538d33cd79c7f321e0
+Subproject commit 227c4103e96616a65de175f894cc4ca451fa52fa
diff --git a/web/locales/cs/main.ftl b/web/locales/cs/main.ftl
index 0983057a..6a2c4800 100644
--- a/web/locales/cs/main.ftl
+++ b/web/locales/cs/main.ftl
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ import-err-header-lengths = Řádek hlavičky tabulek a sloupců mají různou d
 import-err-row-width = Řádek dat CSV má jiný počet polí než hlavička.
 import-err-no-data-rows = CSV obsahuje hlavičky, ale žádné řádky dat.
 import-err-missing-type = Chybí typ sloupce '{ $column }'
-import-err-permission = Vyžaduje se oprávnění k vkládání pro alespoň jednu čitelnou tabulku.
+import-err-permission = Vyžaduje se oprávnění k importu. Tabulka navíc potřebuje oprávnění k vkládání, aby do ní šlo načítat.
 import-err-unterminated-quote = CSV obsahuje neuzavřenou uvozovkovou hodnotu.
 import-err-empty = CSV je prázdné.
 import-err-bad-boolean = Neplatná booleovská hodnota '{ $value }'
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ export-err-tables-not-in-profile = Tabulka nepatří do vybraného rozsahu.
 export-err-missing-structure = Backend vynechal požadovanou strukturu tabulky.
 export-err-negative-count = Backend vrátil záporný počet řádků.
 export-err-range = Export přesahuje podporovaný rozsah pozic řádků.
-export-err-permission = Vyžaduje se oprávnění ke čtení pro alespoň jednu tabulku.
+export-err-permission = Vyžaduje se oprávnění k exportu. Tabulka navíc potřebuje oprávnění ke čtení, aby ji šlo stáhnout.
 
 # --- Přidat logiku ----------------------------------------------------------------
 add-logic-title = Přidat logiku
diff --git a/web/locales/en/main.ftl b/web/locales/en/main.ftl
index 74d76c3c..4321f3c4 100644
--- a/web/locales/en/main.ftl
+++ b/web/locales/en/main.ftl
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ import-err-header-lengths = Table and column header rows have different lengths.
 import-err-row-width = A CSV data row has a different number of fields than the header.
 import-err-no-data-rows = CSV contains headers but no data rows.
 import-err-missing-type = Missing type for column '{ $column }'
-import-err-permission = Insert permission is required for at least one readable table.
+import-err-permission = Import permission is required. A table also needs insert permission before it can be loaded.
 import-err-unterminated-quote = CSV contains an unterminated quoted value.
 import-err-empty = CSV is empty.
 import-err-bad-boolean = Invalid boolean value '{ $value }'
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ export-err-tables-not-in-profile = The table does not belong to the selected sco
 export-err-missing-structure = The backend omitted a requested table structure.
 export-err-negative-count = The backend returned a negative row count.
 export-err-range = The export exceeds the supported row-position range.
-export-err-permission = Read permission is required for at least one table.
+export-err-permission = Export permission is required. A table also needs read permission before it can be downloaded.
 
 # --- Add logic -------------------------------------------------------------
 add-logic-title = Add logic
diff --git a/web/locales/sk/main.ftl b/web/locales/sk/main.ftl
index a97eaac8..79569fbe 100644
--- a/web/locales/sk/main.ftl
+++ b/web/locales/sk/main.ftl
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ import-err-header-lengths = Riadok hlavičky tabuliek a stĺpcov majú rôznu d
 import-err-row-width = Riadok údajov CSV má iný počet polí ako hlavička.
 import-err-no-data-rows = CSV obsahuje hlavičky, ale žiadne riadky údajov.
 import-err-missing-type = Chýba typ stĺpca '{ $column }'
-import-err-permission = Vyžaduje sa oprávnenie na vkladanie pre aspoň jednu čitateľnú tabuľku.
+import-err-permission = Vyžaduje sa oprávnenie na import. Tabuľka navyše potrebuje oprávnenie na vkladanie, aby sa do nej dalo načítať.
 import-err-unterminated-quote = CSV obsahuje neuzavretú úvodzovkovú hodnotu.
 import-err-empty = CSV je prázdny.
 import-err-bad-boolean = Neplatná boolovská hodnota '{ $value }'
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ export-err-tables-not-in-profile = Tabuľka nepatrí do vybraného rozsahu.
 export-err-missing-structure = Backend vynechal požadovanú štruktúru tabuľky.
 export-err-negative-count = Backend vrátil záporný počet riadkov.
 export-err-range = Export presahuje podporovaný rozsah pozícií riadkov.
-export-err-permission = Vyžaduje sa oprávnenie na čítanie pre aspoň jednu tabuľku.
+export-err-permission = Vyžaduje sa oprávnenie na export. Tabuľka navyše potrebuje oprávnenie na čítanie, aby sa dala stiahnuť.
 
 # --- Pridať logiku ------------------------------------------------------------
 add-logic-title = Pridať logiku
diff --git a/web/src/authz.rs b/web/src/authz.rs
index 7ef937e9..1de37cf7 100644
--- a/web/src/authz.rs
+++ b/web/src/authz.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,14 @@ pub(crate) const READ: &str = "read";
 /// per-profile question.
 pub(crate) const ALL_ECB: &str = "ecb:*";
 
-/// Mirrors `server/src/auth/rbac/roles.rs`.
-pub(crate) const SUPERADMIN: &str = "superadmin";
+/// The two bulk-transfer actions, mirroring
+/// `server/src/auth/rbac/objects.rs`. Taking a whole table out as a file is
+/// its own grant rather than something `read` implies, and loading one in is
+/// its own grant rather than something `insert` implies — so a superadmin can
+/// hand a role the row access without the bulk transfer, or the other way
+/// round.
+pub(crate) const EXPORT: &str = "export";
+pub(crate) const IMPORT: &str = "import";
 
 pub(crate) fn permits(snapshot: &AuthorizationSnapshot, object: &str, action: &str) -> bool {
     permissions_permit(&snapshot.permissions, object, action)
@@ -41,12 +47,15 @@ pub(crate) fn can_read_ecb(snapshot: &AuthorizationSnapshot) -> bool {
     permits(snapshot, ALL_ECB, READ)
 }
 
-/// Whether the caller is the superadmin. Bulk data transfer — CSV import and
-/// export — is theirs alone: it moves whole tables at once, which is the same
-/// reach as the backup they already hold, and a data role's own grants say
-/// nothing about whether it should have that.
-pub(crate) fn is_superadmin(snapshot: &AuthorizationSnapshot) -> bool {
-    snapshot.role == SUPERADMIN
+/// Whether the caller holds a transfer action on any table at all — what the
+/// Import and Export links are shown for. Which tables those are is decided
+/// per table by [`permits_table`], since a grant may name one table, one
+/// profile, or everything.
+pub(crate) fn can_transfer_anything(snapshot: &AuthorizationSnapshot, action: &str) -> bool {
+    snapshot
+        .permissions
+        .iter()
+        .any(|permission| permission.action == action && permission.object.starts_with("data:"))
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn can_open_admin(snapshot: &AuthorizationSnapshot) -> bool {
diff --git a/web/src/pages/admin/admin/loader.rs b/web/src/pages/admin/admin/loader.rs
index 5d2500f5..50e0657e 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/admin/admin/loader.rs
+++ b/web/src/pages/admin/admin/loader.rs
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_admin_page(
         can_manage_tables: crate::authz::can_manage(&authorization, crate::authz::STRUCT_TABLE),
         can_manage_scripts: crate::authz::can_manage(&authorization, crate::authz::STRUCT_SCRIPT),
         can_manage_validations: crate::authz::can_manage(&authorization, crate::authz::STRUCT_VALIDATION),
-        can_import: crate::authz::is_superadmin(&authorization),
-        can_export: crate::authz::is_superadmin(&authorization),
+        can_import: crate::authz::can_transfer_anything(&authorization, crate::authz::IMPORT),
+        can_export: crate::authz::can_transfer_anything(&authorization, crate::authz::EXPORT),
         can_ecb: crate::authz::can_read_ecb(&authorization),
     })
 }
diff --git a/web/src/pages/import_export/common/loader.rs b/web/src/pages/import_export/common/loader.rs
index af2ea853..e3a5f24a 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/import_export/common/loader.rs
+++ b/web/src/pages/import_export/common/loader.rs
@@ -25,10 +25,19 @@ pub(crate) struct Profile {
     pub tables: Vec<String>,
 }
 
+/// The tables one transfer page may offer.
+///
+/// `transfer_action` is the page's own grant — `export` or `import`.
+/// `row_action` is what the transfer does underneath, `read` or `insert`, and
+/// it is checked as well: the backend authorizes the row calls the transfer
+/// makes, so a table offered on the strength of the transfer grant alone would
+/// be refused halfway through the download. A table appears here only when the
+/// role holds both.
 pub(crate) async fn load_catalog(
     state: AppState,
     headers: &HeaderMap,
-    required_action: &str,
+    transfer_action: &str,
+    row_action: &str,
 ) -> Result<Catalog, LoadError> {
     let request = authenticated_request(headers, GetAuthorizationRequest {})
         .map_err(|_| LoadError::Unauthenticated)?;
@@ -43,9 +52,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_catalog(
         .into_inner();
     // Hiding the link is not the check: the route is refused here too, so a
     // typed URL gets the same answer as a missing button.
-    if !crate::authz::is_superadmin(&authorization) {
+    if !crate::authz::can_transfer_anything(&authorization, transfer_action) {
         return Err(LoadError::Forbidden);
     }
+    let permits = |profile: &str, table: &str| {
+        crate::authz::permits_table(&authorization, profile, table, transfer_action)
+            && crate::authz::permits_table(&authorization, profile, table, row_action)
+    };
     let mut definitions = state.definitions;
     let tree = definitions
         .get_profile_tree(authenticated_request(headers, Empty {}).map_err(|_| LoadError::Unauthenticated)?)
@@ -72,9 +85,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_catalog(
     )
     .into_iter()
     .map(|table| table.name)
-    .filter(|table| {
-        crate::authz::permits_table(&authorization, GLOBAL_SCOPE, table, required_action)
-    })
+    .filter(|table| permits(GLOBAL_SCOPE, table))
     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     let locale = Locale::from_headers(headers);
@@ -91,14 +102,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_catalog(
             .tables
             .into_iter()
             .filter(|table| !table.global)
-            .filter(|table| {
-                crate::authz::permits_table(
-                    &authorization,
-                    &profile.name,
-                    &table.name,
-                    required_action,
-                )
-            })
+            .filter(|table| permits(&profile.name, &table.name))
             .map(|table| table.name)
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         (!tables.is_empty()).then_some(Profile {
@@ -108,15 +112,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_catalog(
         })
     }));
 
-    // An insert-only role is deliberately absent from GetProfileTree because
-    // that listing is filtered by read permission. Exact table grants still
-    // carry enough information to offer their target here. A wildcard-only
-    // insert role has no table name to offer, so its scope stays empty and the
-    // backend remains the authoritative permission check.
+    // A role that may import but not read is deliberately absent from
+    // GetProfileTree, because that listing is filtered by read permission.
+    // Exact table grants still carry enough information to offer their target
+    // here. A wildcard-only grant has no table name to offer, so its scope
+    // stays empty and the backend remains the authoritative permission check.
     for permission in authorization
         .permissions
         .iter()
-        .filter(|permission| permission.action == required_action)
+        .filter(|permission| permission.action == transfer_action)
     {
         let Some(target) = permission.object.strip_prefix("data:") else {
             continue;
@@ -127,6 +131,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_catalog(
         if profile_name == "*" || table_name == "*" {
             continue;
         }
+        if !permits(profile_name, table_name) {
+            continue;
+        }
         if let Some(profile) = profiles
             .iter_mut()
             .find(|profile| profile.name == profile_name)
diff --git a/web/src/pages/import_export/export/loader.rs b/web/src/pages/import_export/export/loader.rs
index 1852840d..88c01b63 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/import_export/export/loader.rs
+++ b/web/src/pages/import_export/export/loader.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_page(
     state: AppState,
     headers: &HeaderMap,
 ) -> Result<ExportPageState, LoadError> {
-    let catalog = load_catalog(state, headers, "read").await?;
+    let catalog = load_catalog(state, headers, crate::authz::EXPORT, "read").await?;
     Ok(ExportPageState {
         nav: crate::ui::Nav::from_authorization(headers, "", &catalog.authorization),
         catalog,
diff --git a/web/src/pages/import_export/import/loader.rs b/web/src/pages/import_export/import/loader.rs
index cc17184b..7bb599c8 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/import_export/import/loader.rs
+++ b/web/src/pages/import_export/import/loader.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn load_page(
     form: ImportForm,
     error: Option<String>,
 ) -> Result<ImportPageState, LoadError> {
-    let catalog = load_catalog(state, headers, "insert").await?;
+    let catalog = load_catalog(state, headers, crate::authz::IMPORT, "insert").await?;
     Ok(ImportPageState {
         nav: crate::ui::Nav::from_authorization(headers, "", &catalog.authorization),
         catalog,
diff --git a/web/src/pages/permissions/grants/state.rs b/web/src/pages/permissions/grants/state.rs
index 801d76e1..300dea95 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/permissions/grants/state.rs
+++ b/web/src/pages/permissions/grants/state.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 /// The columns of every grant matrix, in the order the server lists them.
-pub(crate) const ACTIONS: [&str; 4] = ["read", "insert", "update", "delete"];
+pub(crate) const ACTIONS: [&str; 6] = [
+    "read",
+    "insert",
+    "update",
+    "delete",
+    "export",
+    "import",
+];
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub(crate) struct Selection {
@@ -81,7 +88,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Cell {
 }
 
 impl GrantsPage {
-    pub(crate) fn actions(&self) -> [&'static str; 4] {
+    pub(crate) fn actions(&self) -> [&'static str; ACTIONS.len()] {
         ACTIONS
     }
 
@@ -250,6 +257,8 @@ mod tests {
                 "data:acme/*|insert",
                 "data:acme/*|update",
                 "data:acme/*|delete",
+                "data:acme/*|export",
+                "data:acme/*|import",
                 "ecb:acme|read",
             ]
         );
diff --git a/web/src/pages/permissions/roles/state.rs b/web/src/pages/permissions/roles/state.rs
index 63643787..11d7673c 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/permissions/roles/state.rs
+++ b/web/src/pages/permissions/roles/state.rs
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ pub(crate) fn starter_grants(
                     grants.push((object, action));
                 }
             }
+            // Bulk transfer applies to tables, not to journals, which the
+            // transfer pages never offer.
+            grants.push(("data:*", "export"));
+            grants.push(("data:*", "import"));
             Ok(grants)
         }
         other => Err(tr!(
@@ -122,7 +126,9 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         assert_eq!(starter_grants(locale, "read").unwrap().len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(starter_grants(locale, "full").unwrap().len(), 9);
+        // Four row actions on two wildcard objects, ECB read, and the two
+        // transfer actions, which apply to tables alone.
+        assert_eq!(starter_grants(locale, "full").unwrap().len(), 11);
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/web/src/ui/mod.rs b/web/src/ui/mod.rs
index e54fabd8..cab9d5eb 100644
--- a/web/src/ui/mod.rs
+++ b/web/src/ui/mod.rs
@@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ impl Nav {
         // panel: managing either roles or users is enough to open it.
         nav.can_permissions = crate::authz::can_manage(authorization, crate::authz::STRUCT_ROLE)
             || crate::authz::can_manage(authorization, crate::authz::STRUCT_USER);
-        // Both transfer pages are the superadmin's — see
-        // `crate::authz::is_superadmin`.
-        nav.can_import = crate::authz::is_superadmin(authorization);
-        nav.can_export = nav.can_import;
+        nav.can_import =
+            crate::authz::can_transfer_anything(authorization, crate::authz::IMPORT);
+        nav.can_export =
+            crate::authz::can_transfer_anything(authorization, crate::authz::EXPORT);
         nav.can_ecb = crate::authz::can_read_ecb(authorization);
         nav
     }